This report includes five case studies examining companies offering appliances in off- and weak-grid areas, which pursue innovative business practices that make them more resilient to external shocks. The report is part of a series of publications derived from the Business Model Innovations for Productive Use and Cooking Appliance Access research project and was commissioned by the Low Energy Inclusive Appliances (LEIA) programme.

For further information, please visit https://efficiencyforaccess.org/publications/business-model-innovations-project